Virtualization na Ayyukan Blockchain don Cibiyoyin Sadarwa na Wayar hannu Bayan 5G

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Fasahar Blockchain ta zama fasahar rikodin rarraba bayanai mai kawo sauyi wacce ke ba da damar hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin mutane biyu ba tare da dogaro ga hukumomi na tsakiya ba. Cibiyoyin sadarwa na wayar hannu na zamani na biyar (5G) da kuma na gaba sun ƙara dogaro ga tsarin tsakiya don manyan fasahohi kamar rarraba hanyar sadarwa, raba mitocin rediyo, da koyo na haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke haifar da raunuka ciki har da maki guda na gazawa da kuma haɗarin tsaro.

Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Blockchain na Wayar Hannu (MBNs) suna wakiltar wata sabuwar hanya ta haɗa blockchain da kayan aikin wayar hannu, amma suna fuskantar manyan kalubale dangane da amfani da makamashi, buƙatun ƙarfin sarrafa bayanai, da iyakokin ajiya. Waɗannan kalubalen sun fi tsanani ga na'urorin wayar hannu masu amfani da baturi da na'urorin IoT waɗanda ke da ƙarancin iyawar lissafi.

2. Tsarin Virtualization na Ayyukan Blockchain

2.1 Tsarin Gini na Asali

Tsarin Virtualization na Ayyukan Blockchain (BFV) ya gabatar da wata sabuwar hanya inda duk ayyukan lissafi masu alaƙa da blockchain ake ɗaukar su azaman ayyuka na kama-da-wane waɗanda za a iya aiwatar da su akan sabar kayayyaki ta hanyar Kwamfutoci na Gefe na Wayar Hannu (MEC) ko kayan aikin sarrafa gajimare. Wannan tsarin gini yana ba da damar na'urori masu ƙarancin albarkatu su shiga cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar blockchain gaba ɗaya ba tare da iyakance su da ƙarfin kayan aikinsu ba.

Tsarin BFV ya ƙunshi manyan sassa uku:

• Mai Gudanar da Ayyuka na Kama-da-wane: Yana daidaita jujjuya ayyukan blockchain
• Layer na Kwamfutoci na Gefe: Yana ba da albarkatun lissafi don ayyuka na kama-da-wane
• Mahaɗar Blockchain: Yana kula da haɗin kai tare da cibiyar sadarwar blockchain

2.2 Ayyukan Blockchain na Kama-da-wane

Sabanin hanyoyin da suka gabata waɗanda kawai suke jujjuya hanyoyin haƙo ma'adinai, BFV yana sanya duk muhimman ayyukan blockchain su zama na kama-da-wane ciki har da:

• ɓoyewa da buɗe ma'amala
• aiwatar da tsarin yarjejeniya
• tabbatar da ingancin toshe kuma tantance shi
• aiwatar da kwangilar wayo
• tabbatar da sa hannun lamba

3. Aiwar da Fasaha

3.1 Tsarin Lissafi

Matsalar ingantawa a cikin BFV tana nufin rage farashin amfani da makamashi kuma a ƙara lada na masu haƙo ma'adinai lokaci guda. Ana iya tsara aikin manufa kamar haka:

Bari $E_{total}$ ya wakilci jimillar amfani da makamashi, $R_{miners}$ ladan masu haƙo ma'adinai, da $C_{energy}$ farashin makamashi. An ayyana matsalar ingantawa kamar haka:

$$\min \alpha \cdot C_{energy} - \beta \cdot R_{miners}$$

A ƙarƙashin:

$$\sum_{i=1}^{N} E_i \leq E_{max}$$

$$\sum_{j=1}^{M} P_j \geq P_{min}$$

$$T_{completion} \leq T_{deadline}$$Inda $\alpha$ da $\beta$ su ne ma'auni na auna nauyi, $E_i$ shine amfani da makamashi don aiki $i$, $P_j$ shine ƙarfin sarrafa bayanai don aiki $j$, kuma $T$ yana wakiltar ƙayyadaddun lokaci.

3.2 Aiwar da Lambar Tsarin

A ƙasa akwai sauƙaƙan lambar tsarin algorithm na jujjuya aikin BFV:

class BFVTaskScheduler:
    def __init__(self, mobile_devices, edge_servers):
        self.devices = mobile_devices
        self.servers = edge_servers
        
    def optimize_offloading(self, blockchain_tasks):
        """Inganta jujjuya aiki don rage makamashi da ƙara lada"""
        
        # Fara sigogin ingantawa
        energy_weights = self.calculate_energy_weights()
        reward_weights = self.calculate_reward_potential()
        
        for task in blockchain_tasks:
            # Kimanta buƙatun lissafi
            comp_requirement = task.get_computation_need()
            energy_cost_local = task.estimate_local_energy()
            
            # Duba ko jujjuwa yana da amfani
            if self.should_offload(task, comp_requirement, energy_cost_local):
                best_server = self.select_optimal_server(task)
                self.offload_task(task, best_server)
            else:
                task.execute_locally()
                
    def should_offload(self, task, computation, local_energy):
        """Ƙayyade ko ya kamata a juya aikin bisa ma'aunin ingantawa"""
        offload_energy = self.estimate_offload_energy(task)
        communication_cost = self.calculate_comm_cost(task)
        
        # Sharuɗɗan ingantawa
        return (local_energy > offload_energy + communication_cost and
                computation > self.computation_threshold)

4. Sakamakon Gwaji

Sakamakon kwaikwayon ya nuna gagarumin ci gaba da aikin da tsarin BFV ya samu:

5. Bincike na Asali

Tsarin Virtualization na Ayyukan Blockchain yana wakiltar wani gagarumin ci gaba wajen sanya fasahar blockchain ta zama mai amfani ga yanayin wayar hannu da na IoT. Aiwar da blockchain na al'ada na fuskantar iyakoki na asali lokacin da aka tura su akan na'urori masu ƙarancin albarkatu, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin takardar farko ta Bitcoin inda Nakamoto ya yarda da ƙarfin lissafi na yarjejeniyar tabbatar da aiki. Hanyar BFV tana magance waɗannan iyakokin ta hanyar cikakken dabarar sanyawa kama-da-wane wacce ta wuce sauƙaƙan jujjuwar lissafi.

Idan aka kwatanta da aikin da aka yi a fannin kwamfutoci na gefe don blockchain, kamar hanyoyin da aka tattauna a cikin IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, ƙwararrun BFV ya ta'allaka ne a cikin cikakken kula da duk ayyukan blockchain a matsayin abubuwan da za a iya sanyawa kama-da-wane. Wannan ya bambanta da ƙoƙarin da suka gabata waɗanda suka fi mayar da hankali kan jujjuya ayyukan haƙo ma'adinai yayin da suka yi watsi da sauran ayyuka masu tsada na lissafi kamar ɓoyewa, buɗewa, da aiwatar da kwangilar wayo. Manufar ingantawa biyu na tsarin - rage amfani da makamashi yayin da ake ƙara lada na masu haƙo ma'adinai - yana haifar da ingantaccen tsarin tattalin arziki mai dorewa don shiga cikin blockchain na wayar hannu.

Tsarin lissafi da aka gabatar ya nuna ingantaccen ingantawa mai yawa wanda ke daidaita fifiko masu gasa. Wannan hanya ta yi daidai da abubuwan da ke fitowa a cikin koyo na haɗin gwiwa da tsarin rarraba, inda raba albarkatu dole ne ya yi la'akari da ingancin fasaha da kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran tattalin arziki. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan daga Ƙungiyar Kwamfutoci, haɗa tsarin tattalin arziki tare da mafita na fasaha yana zama mahimmanci ga tsarin rarraba mai dorewa.

Daga hangen aiwatarwa, tsarin ginin BFV yana da kamanceceniya da Virtualization na Ayyukan Cibiyar Sadarwa (NFV) a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na 5G, amma yana amfani da waɗannan ra'ayoyin musamman ga ayyukan blockchain. Wannan aikace-aikacen ka'idojin sanyawa kama-da-wane a fannoni daban-daban yana nuna sabuwar hanyar tsarin. Sakamakon kwaikwayon da ke nuna ragin makamashi na 65% da ingantaccen tabbatar da ma'amala da kashi 85% suna da ban sha'awa musamman idan aka kwatanta da aiwatar da blockchain na wayar hannu na asali da aka rubuta a cikin binciken IoT na kwanan nan.

Yuwuwar tasirin tsarin BFV ya wuce aikace-aikacen 5G na yanzu zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa na 6G masu tasowa, inda haɗin gwiwar sadarwa da lissafi zai fi mahimmanci. Yayin da na'urorin wayar hannu ke ci gaba da yaɗuwa da kuma faɗaɗa na'urorin IoT, mafita kamar BFV waɗanda ke ba da damar shiga cikin blockchain cikin inganci ba tare da haɓaka kayan aiki ba za su zama masu ƙima don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin sadarwa na wayar hannu na rarraba na gaskiya.

6. Aikace-aikace da Hanyoyin Gaba

Aikace-aikacen Yanzu

• Tsaron IoT: Tabbacin ingancin na'ura da ingancin bayanai don cibiyoyin sadarwar IoT
• Biyan Kuɗi ta Wayar Hannu: Ingantaccen tsarin biyan kuɗi na tushen blockchain akan na'urorin wayar hannu
• Bin Diddigin Sashen Kayayyaki: Bin diddigin kayayyaki na ainihi tare da ƙarancin amfani da albarkatun na'ura
• Asalin Rarraba: Gudanar da asalin kai ga masu amfani da wayar hannu

Hanyoyin Bincike na Gaba

• Haɗa kai tare da tsarin gine-ginen cibiyar sadarwa na 6G da sadarwa ma'ana
• Jujjuwa na tsinkaya na tushen koyo na wayo don yanayi mai motsi
• Haɗin kai tsakanin sassan blockchain don aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na blockchain da yawa
• Ayyukan ɓoyewa masu jure wa ƙididdiga a cikin tsarin sanyawa kama-da-wane
• Haɗin gwiwar tattara makamashi don ayyukan blockchain mai dorewa

7. Nassoshi

1. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki Tsakanin Mutane Biyu.
2. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). Bayyani game da Fasahar Blockchain: Tsarin Gini, Yarjejeniya, da Abubuwan Gaba. Babban Taron Bayanai na IEEE.
3. Mao, Y., You, C., Zhang, J., Huang, K., & Letaief, K. B. (2017). Bincike akan Kwamfutoci na Gefe na Wayar Hannu: Hangen Nesa na Sadarwa. Bincike & Darussan Sadarwa na IEEE.
4. Li, Y., Chen, M., & Wang, C. (2020). Blockchain na Wayar Hannu da AI: Kalubale da Damammaki. Cibiyar Sadarwa ta IEEE.
5. Ƙungiyar Ma'auni ta IEEE (2021). IEEE P2140 - Ma'auni don Cibiyoyin Sadarwa na Wayar Hannu na Rarraba na Tushen Blockchain.
6. Zhang, P., Schmidt, D. C., White, J., & Lenz, G. (2018) Amfani da Fasahar Blockchain a Lafiya. Ci gaba a cikin Kwamfutoci.