Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
Kwatanta Amfani da Makamashi
99%
Rage amfani da makamashi tare da na'urar quantum
Farashin Hakar Bitcoin
33%
Na farashin Bitcoin da ake kashewa akan amfani da makamashi
Qubits na Quantum
50
Matsakaicin iyawar qubit na yanzu da ake amincewa da ita
1. Gabatarwa
Hanyoyin hakar kudi na dijital, musamman na Bitcoin, suna cinye makamashi mai yawa, wanda ke kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙimar kasuwar kudin dijital. Tsarin lissafi na asali ya dogara ne akan aikin hashing na sirri na SHA-256, wanda ke buƙatar albarkatun lissafi masu ƙarfi a cikin tsarin kwamfutoci na gargajiya.
Kwamfutar quantum tana ba da mafita mai sauyi ga wannan rikicin makamashi ta hanyar ka'idojin aikinta daban-daban. Ba kamar kwamfutocin gargajiya da ke cinye makamashi daidai da ƙarfin sarrafa su ba, na'urar quantum tana ci gaba da amfani da ƙaramin makamashi ba tare da la'akari da girman ƙarfin qubit ba.
2. Hanyoyi da Kayayyaki
2.1 Aikin Hashing na SHA-256
Algorithm na SHA-256 yana sarrafa saƙonni na shiga ta hanyar zagaye 64 na ayyukan matsawa, yana amfani da ayyukan ma'ana ciki har da:
- Ayyukan XOR na bitwise: $A \oplus B$
- Ayyukan juyawa: $ROTR^n(x) = (x >> n) \lor (x << (32-n))$
- Aikin mafi rinjaye: $Maj(a,b,c) = (a \land b) \oplus (a \land c) \oplus (b \land c)$
2.2 Tushen Kwamfutar Quantum
Kwamfutar quantum tana amfani da abubuwan ban mamaki na injiniyoyin quantum ciki har da superposition da haɗaka. Naúrar asali ita ce qubit, wanda aka wakilta kamar haka:
$|\psi\rangle = \alpha|0\rangle + \beta|1\rangle$ inda $|\alpha|^2 + |\beta|^2 = 1$
2.3 Aiwatar da SHA-256 na Quantum
Aiwatarwarmu ta mayar da hankali kan ƙofofin CNOT (Controlled-NOT) na quantum a matsayin tushen ginin ginin ayyukan SHA-256 na quantum. Ƙirar da'irar quantum ta haɗa da:
Aiwatar da Ƙofar CNOT ta Quantum
# Aiwatar da ƙofar CNOT ta quantum don SHA-256
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, QuantumRegister
# Fara rajistar quantum
qr = QuantumRegister(2, 'q')
qc = QuantumCircuit(qr)
# Aiwatar da ƙofar CNOT
qc.cx(qr[0], qr[1])
# Ma'auni don fitarwa na gargajiya
qc.measure_all()
# Ai gudanar da shi akan na'urar kwaikwayo ta quantum
from qiskit import Aer, execute
backend = Aer.get_backend('qasm_simulator')
job = execute(qc, backend, shots=1024)
result = job.result()
counts = result.get_counts(qc)
3. Sakamakon Gwaji
3.1 Kwatanta Amfani da Makamashi
| Nau'in Kayan Aiki | Amfani da Makamashi (kWh) | Ƙimar Hash (H/s) | Matsakaicin Inganci |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASIC na Gargajiya | 1,350 | 14 TH/s | 1.0x |
| Kwamfutar Quantum (IBM Q) | 15 | Ayyuka daidai | 90x |
| Na'urar Quantum Annealer | 25 | An inganta shi don takamaiman ayyuka | 54x |
3.2 Ma'aunin Aiki
Aiwatar da SHA-256 na quantum ya nuna gagarumin ci gaba a ingancin makamashi yayin da ake kiyaye ka'idojin tsaro na sirri. Yanayin lissafin quantum na yuwuwar an rage shi ta hanyar algorithms na gyara kurakurai da kuma gudanar da ayyuka da yawa.
4. Binciken Fasaha
Bincike na Asali: Fa'idar Quantum a Hakar Kudi na Dijital
Wannan bincike yana gabatar da wata hanya mai ban mamaki don magance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen dorewar kudin dijital. Aiwatar da SHA-256 akan kayan aikin quantum yana wakiltar sauyi a yadda muke kusantar ayyukan hakar sirri. Bisa ga rahoton Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya na 2021, hakar Bitcoin kadai tana cinye kimanin Terawatt-hours 110 a shekara—fiye da yawancin ƙasashe masu matsakaicin girma. Hanyar quantum da aka nuna anan na iya rage wannan amfani da fiye da 99%, yana canza lissafin tasirin muhalli na ayyukan kudin dijital.
Aiwatar da fasaha ta ginu akan aikin tushe a cikin hashing na quantum ta Ablayev da Vasiliev (2014), yana faɗaɗa tsarin su na gargajiya-quantum zuwa takamaiman buƙatun SHA-256. Ba kamar aiwatar da gargajiya waɗanda ke haɓaka amfani da makamashi tare da ƙarfin sarrafa su ba, tsarin quantum yana kiyaye bayanan makamashi kusan koyaushe ba tare da la'akari da rikitaccen lissafi ba. Wannan siffa ta yi daidai da ka'idar Landauer, wanda ya kafa iyakokin thermodynamic na asali na lissafi.
Bincikenmu ya nuna cewa iyakoki na yanzu a cikin lokutan haɗin kai na qubit da ƙimar kurakurai suna gabatar da manyan shinge ga aiwatarwa kai tsaye. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin wallafe-wallafen Hanyar Quantum ta IBM na baya-bayan nan, dabarun gyara kurakurai da ingantattun kayan aiki suna ci gaba da sauri. Aiwatar da gyaran kuskure na saman, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin tsarin Ƙididdige Albarkatun Quantum, yana nuna cewa lissafin quantum mai jure wa kuskure don aikace-aikacen sirri na iya yiwuwa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.
Idan aka kwatanta da madadin gargajiya kamar na'urorin hakar tushen ASIC da aka rubuta a cikin rahotannin Majalisar Hakar Bitcoin, hanyar quantum ba kawai tana ba da ingancin makamashi ba har ma da yuwuwar haɓaka tsaro. Kaddarorin juriya na quantum na wasu sa hannu na tushen hash, kamar yadda aka bincika a cikin tsarin daidaitawa na sirri na bayan-quantum na NIST, suna nuna cewa kayayyakin hakar quantum na iya samar da kariya na ciki don kare hanyoyin sadarwa na blockchain daga hare-haren quantum na gaba.
Samfurin kwamfuta na gauraye da aka gabatar—haɗa tsarin mu'amala na gargajiya tare da na'urorin sarrafa quantum—yana wakiltar hanyar sauyi mai amfani. Wannan gine-gine yana ba da damar buƙatun ƙayyadaddun hakar kudi na dijital yayin amfani da fa'idodin quantum don mafi yawan ayyukan lissafi masu ƙarfi. Yayin da kayan aikin quantum ke ci gaba da haɓaka fiye da kewayon qubit 50-100 na yanzu, cikakken yuwuwar wannan hanyar zai zama mai sauƙin isa ga manyan ayyukan kudi na dijital.
5. Aikace-aikace na Gaba
5.1 Aikace-aikace na ɗan gajeren lokaci (shekaru 1-3)
- Ayyukan hakar quantum-gargajiya gauraye
- Tusoshin tabbatar da blockchain masu amfani da makamashi
- Ƙarfin tsaro na sirri na quantum don sabbin kudade na dijital
5.2 Aikace-aikace na matsakaicin lokaci (shekaru 3-7)
- Cibiyoyin hakar quantum gabaɗaya
- Haɗawa da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa
- Gine-ginen blockchain masu tsaro na quantum
5.3 Hangen nesa na dogon lokaci (shekaru 7+)
- Kayayyakin intanet na quantum don kuɗin rarrabawa
- Cibiyoyin sadarwar hakar quantum na duniya
- Haɗawa da hangen nesan kwamfuta na quantum don ingantattun ayyukan hakar ma'adinai
6. Bayanan da aka ambata
- Ablayev, F., & Vasiliev, A. (2014). Cryptographic quantum hashing. Laser Physics Letters, 11(2), 025201.
- IBM Quantum Roadmap (2022). IBM Quantum Development Roadmap. IBM Research.
- International Energy Agency (2021). Bitcoin Energy Consumption Analysis. IEA Publications.
- NIST (2022). Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
- Merkle, R. C. (1979). Secrecy, authentication, and public key systems. Stanford University.
- Bitcoin Mining Council (2021). Global Bitcoin Mining Data Review. BMC Quarterly Report.
- Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum computation and quantum information. Cambridge University Press.
- National Quantum Initiative (2020). Quantum Computing Technical Requirements. U.S. Department of Energy.